英文文法「同位語」
英文文法「同位語」
同位(apposition) 指「名詞或名詞相等語」與其他的「名詞或名詞相等語」並列,以充作補充說明之用,這樣的關係即稱為「同位」。「同位」可以分成下列幾種類型:
(1) 「名詞+名詞」
Mr. Huang, our new teacher, teaches us English.
(黃先生是我們的新老師,教我們英文。)
<our new teacher 為 Mr. Huang 的同位語>
Baseball, his favorite sport, has brought him a lot of good friends.
(棒球是他最喜歡的運動,讓他交到許多好朋友。)
<his favorite sport 為 Baseball 的同位語 >
President Kennedy was assassinated in 1963.
(甘迺迪總統於1963年被暗殺。)
<Kennedy 為 President 的同位語>
(2) 「代名詞+名詞」
We Taiwanese live on rice.
(我們台灣人以米為主食。)
<Taiwanese 為 We 的同位語>
The hope of Taiwan lies in you young men.
(台灣的希望就要靠你們年青人。)
<young men 為 you 的同位語>
(3) 「名詞+名詞子句」
Is there any proof that the gun was his?
(可有任何證據指出這把槍是他的?)
<that the gun was his 為 proof 的同位語>
The fact that he was dead made no particular difference to her.
(他死掉這件事對她來講不關痛癢。)
<that he was dead 是 fact 的同位語>
The question whether he should have an operation or not troubled him. (該不該動手術這個問題困擾著他。) <whether he should have an operation or not 為 question 的同位語>
(4) 「句子+名詞」
The summer continued hot and dry, a condition which gave rise to the danger of forest fires. (該夏季一直又熱又乾,這種情況有發生森林火災的危險。) <a condition 為"The summer continued hot and dry"這個句子的同位語>
Naturally I left the letter unanswered ─ the only way to keep myself from their company. (我當然不予回信,這是我跟他們斷絕關係的唯一辦法。) <the only way 為"Naturally I left the letter unanswered"這個句子的同位語>
(5) 「名詞+of+名詞」
此一 of 用於表示「叫作~」或「像~似的」之意。
(a) 「叫作~」
the city of London (叫作倫敦的城市→即倫敦市)
his habit of smoking (他的抽煙習慣)
(b) 「像~似的」<名詞+of a+名詞>:這是充滿感情的說法,前半的 <名詞+of> 係扮演後面的名詞的形容詞的角色。
an angel of a girl = a girl like an angel (天使般的女孩)
this jewel of an island (這個寶石般的島嶼)
(1) 「名詞+名詞」
Mr. Huang, our new teacher, teaches us English.
(黃先生是我們的新老師,教我們英文。)
<our new teacher 為 Mr. Huang 的同位語>
Baseball, his favorite sport, has brought him a lot of good friends.
(棒球是他最喜歡的運動,讓他交到許多好朋友。)
<his favorite sport 為 Baseball 的同位語 >
President Kennedy was assassinated in 1963.
(甘迺迪總統於1963年被暗殺。)
<Kennedy 為 President 的同位語>
(2) 「代名詞+名詞」
We Taiwanese live on rice.
(我們台灣人以米為主食。)
<Taiwanese 為 We 的同位語>
The hope of Taiwan lies in you young men.
(台灣的希望就要靠你們年青人。)
<young men 為 you 的同位語>
(3) 「名詞+名詞子句」
Is there any proof that the gun was his?
(可有任何證據指出這把槍是他的?)
<that the gun was his 為 proof 的同位語>
The fact that he was dead made no particular difference to her.
(他死掉這件事對她來講不關痛癢。)
<that he was dead 是 fact 的同位語>
The question whether he should have an operation or not troubled him. (該不該動手術這個問題困擾著他。) <whether he should have an operation or not 為 question 的同位語>
(4) 「句子+名詞」
The summer continued hot and dry, a condition which gave rise to the danger of forest fires. (該夏季一直又熱又乾,這種情況有發生森林火災的危險。) <a condition 為"The summer continued hot and dry"這個句子的同位語>
Naturally I left the letter unanswered ─ the only way to keep myself from their company. (我當然不予回信,這是我跟他們斷絕關係的唯一辦法。) <the only way 為"Naturally I left the letter unanswered"這個句子的同位語>
(5) 「名詞+of+名詞」
此一 of 用於表示「叫作~」或「像~似的」之意。
(a) 「叫作~」
the city of London (叫作倫敦的城市→即倫敦市)
his habit of smoking (他的抽煙習慣)
(b) 「像~似的」<名詞+of a+名詞>:這是充滿感情的說法,前半的 <名詞+of> 係扮演後面的名詞的形容詞的角色。
an angel of a girl = a girl like an angel (天使般的女孩)
this jewel of an island (這個寶石般的島嶼)
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注冊日期: 2008-09-16

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